Arthur Dimmesdale in The Scarlet Letter Essay - 1578 Words

The Scarlet LetterArthur Dimmesdale Reverend Arthur Dimmesdale, a main character in Nathaniel Hawthorne’s novel The Scarlet Letter, proves to be a sinner against man, against God and most importantly against himself because he has committed adultery with Hester Prynne, resulting in an illegitimate child, Pearl. His sinning against himself, for which he ultimately paid the price of death, proved to be more harmful and more destructive than this sin of the flesh, and his sin against God. Socrates said, â€Å"Knowthyself,† and Shakespeare said, â€Å"To thine own self be true.† If Reverend Dimmesdale had been true to himself he certainly wouldn’t have suffered as much as he did. What drove Dimmesdale to hold in his self-condemning truth? To†¦show more content†¦Dimmesdale portrays himself very ironically. He is a very well respected reverend and yet, has, for the last 7 years, worked on preaching the word of God, especially while he urges the congre gation to confess openly to repent unto God. While, in reality, Dimmesdale is the one whoneeds a clean conscious. He feels like he needs to confess not only to the town but also too himself. Halfway through the novel Dimmesdale has yet to reveal the truth, which, so far, has been devouring him,physically and mentally. Since this good reverend is so spiritual, he cannot reveal his truths to the town so simply. He is of the Puritan faith and being a follower of that, the sin of adultery is a very grand sin. The whole town would look down on him as if he were a hypocrite. Which in fact, he is, but his sin of adultery in that town would have been scoffed at just as Hester’s has. The reverend is so well liked by the townsfolk that Hawthorne states, â€Å"They fancied him the mouthpiece of Heaven’s messages of wisdom, rebuke, and love. In their eyes, the very ground on which he trod was sanctified.† ( 139 ) How else can the reverend live without revealing his identity? He has been doing it for seven years, and it must be hard for him, mentally and physically. Mentally, his whole body shuts down because he cannot take it anymore, even though he does not give in to confess yet. He has become emaciated because he has let the sin against himself churnShow MoreRelatedReverend Arthur Dimmesdale And The Scarlet Letter1909 Words   |  8 PagesReverend Arthur Dimmesdale and the Scarlet Letter As the loved pastor whose undisclosed guilt destroyed him and the secret lover of Hester Prynne, Arthur Dimmesdale is an interesting character in The Scarlet Letter and plays an important role throughout the book. Dimmesdale is a â€Å"Reverend† and pastor at the church. His interactions with the other main characters in the book such as Roger Chillingworth, Hester Prynne, and Pearl are secretive and painful, and display his inner pain. Hester had committedRead MoreThe Suffering of Arthur Dimmesdale in The Scarlet Letter by Nathaniel Hawthorne985 Words   |  4 Pagesit can take a merciless toll on a person. For most people, guilt is often a short-lived feeling because we confess why we feel guilty and get it off of our chests. However, this is hardly the case for Arthur Dimmesdale, the father of Hester Prynne’s child in the novel The Scarlet Letter. Dimmesdale does not confess that he has committed a sin with Hester, and for a brutal seven whole years, he withholds his guilt inside of him. Throughout all of that time, he reverts to self-punishment in the formRead MoreShame And Guilt Of Arthur Dimmesdale s The Scarlet Letter952 Words   |  4 PagesShame and Guilt of Arthur Dimmesdale Shame and guilt are both similar feelings but what is the difference? â€Å"Although many people use these two words interchangeably, from a psychological perspective, they actually refer to different experiences. Guilt and shame sometimes go hand in hand; the same action may give rise to feelings of both shame and guilt, where the former reflects how we feel about ourselves and the latter involves awareness that our actions have injured someone else. In other wordsRead MoreThe Scarlet Letter of Hester Prynne and Arthur Dimmesdale Essay1914 Words   |  8 PagesThe Scarlet Letter is a classic novel written by Nathaniel Hawthorne which entangles the lives of two characters Hester Prynne and Arthur Dimmesdale together through an unpardonable sin-adultery. With two different lifestyles, this act of adultery affects each of them differently. Hester is an average female citizen who is married to a Roger Chillingworth from Europe while Dimmesdale is a Puritan minister from England (61). Along the course of time after the act of adultery had happened, Hester couldRead MoreDimmesdale And Arthur Chimesdale In The Scarlet Letter, By Nathaniel Hawthorne1211 Words   |  5 Pagesyourself? Do you have high or low self-esteem? If you do something that is wrong, do you confess it or keep it to yourself? Matters like these are presented in Nathaniel Hawthorne’s book, The Scarlet Letter. In Hester Prynne, we see an example of a person whose sin is known to everyone. In Arthur Dimmesdale, we see an example of a person whose sin is kept to himself. He suffered daily from the guilt of his secret, and yearned for it to be publicly exposed. Though they both experienced great shameRead MoreScarlet Letter Essay : Hester Prynne Vs. Arthur Dimmesdale884 Words   |  4 PagesDeimler 1 Abby Deimler Mrs. Garcia Period 5 March 6th, 2017 Scarlet Letter Essay, Hester Prynne vs. Arthur Dimmesdale Hester Prynne and Arthur Dimmesdale are the two main characters in the novel the scarlet letter. As parents to Pearl, the daughter out of adultery, these two go through the journey of shunning and hatred, but not together. Their stories are very different, and yet, so very similar. Hester Prynne is the main lady in this novel, she is the mother of Pearl, a seamstressRead MoreAnalysis Of Revered Arthur Dimmesdale In Nathaniel Hawthornes The Scarlet Letter800 Words   |  4 PagesDavid A. Bednar, the president of Brigham Young University once said â€Å"guilt is to the spirit what pain is to the body,† Revered Arthur Dimmesdale of Nathaniel Hawthorne’s The Scarlet Letter was a man who not only related to this quote but lived it. After committing one of the gravest sins possible in the Puritan community, Dimmesdale lives with this so-called â€Å"pain of the spirit† every day of his life. Not to mention the fact that nobody knows of his wrongdoing so the guilt just continues buildingRead MoreComparing John Proctor and Arthur Dimmesdale from The Scarlet Letter1157 Words   |  5 PagesComparing John Proctor and Arthur Dimmesdale John Proctor and Arthur Dimmesdale are exceptionally similar characters despite the fact that each was written about in very different eras. Both characters lived in the same time period, however, The Scarlet Letter was written in the late 1800’s, and The Crucible was written in the 1950’s. One cannot look at the qualities of Proctor and Dimmesdale without discussing each author and the time period in which each story was written. Despite minorRead More Transformation of Rev. Arthur Dimmesdale in Hawthornes The Scarlet Letter992 Words   |  4 PagesThe Scarlet Letter:   The Transformation of Rev. Dimmesdale Life is hard, but accepting that fact makes it easier. This common phrase clearly states a harsh fact that Rev. Dimmesdale, a character in Nathaniel Hawthornes The Scarlet Letter, had to face. In this story of deception and adultery set in the Puritan era, Hawthorne introduces Dimmesdale as a weak and cowardly man who refuses to take responsibility for his actions.   The Rev. Dimmesdale is a transitional character in that he is, atRead More Rev. Arthur Dimmesdale and Hester’s Quest for Identity in Hawthornes Scarlet Letter2490 Words   |  10 PagesDimmesdale and Hester’s Quest for Identity in The Scarlet Letter  Ã‚     Ã‚   While allegory is an explicit and tempting reading of Hawthorne’s The Scarlet Letter, I see in this novel also the potential of a psychological reading, interpreting it as a search for one’s own self. Both Arthur Dimmesdale and Hester Prynne goes through this process and finally succeeded in finding the duality of ones personality, and the impossibility of complementing the split between individual and community identity

A Project Management Priority For The Company - 1691 Words

D.D. Williamson is a small privately owned company in Louisville, Kentucky that was created in 1865.This company has become a global leader in non-artificial colors, operating nine facilities in six countries and supplying many of the best known food and beverage companies around the world. Williamson is staffed with less than 200 associates creating a project management priority issue resulting in the increasing percentage of project incompletion. (Kloppenborg 2012) Prioritizing Projects Initially the prioritizing process at D. D. Williamson neglected to form groups to handle specific projects and management groups to complete each project. The original prioritizing process the company created weakened the organization by leaving room†¦show more content†¦During this phase, a decision making team identifies if the project can realistically be completed. (Metafuse Inc. 2017) Definition and planning consists of a project plan, project charter and/or project scope that may be put in writing, outlining the work to be performed. During this phase, a team may prioritize the project, calculate a budget and schedule, and determine what resources are needed. During the project launch or execution, tasks are distributed and teams are informed of responsibilities. This time is used to bring up important project related information. (Metafuse 2017) The project performance and control is the process where managers may compare project status and progress to the actual plan, as resources perform the scheduled work. During this phase, project managers may need to adjust schedules or do what is necessary to keep the project on track. Finally project close occurs when project tasks are completed and the client has approved the outcome, an evaluation is necessary to highlight project success and/or learn from project history. (Metafuse 2017) The D.D. Williamson approach to project management is slightly different and is customized solely to meet the needs of their company. At D.D. Williamson the first step to prioritizing projects is to rate each project based upon the level of expected impact on corporate objectives, the cross functional nature of the team, and theShow MoreRelatedVolkswagen of America: Managing It Essay1681 Words   |  7 PagesCase 7  Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚  Volkswagen of America: Managing IT 1. What is your assessment of the new process for managing priorities at Volkswagen of America? Are the criticisms justified?   Is it an improvement over the old process? The new system of prioritizing IT projects to determine funding is a very efficient way of ensuring those projects that are critical to business strategy meet their financial requirements. However, the method of dropping entire goal portfolios simply because they ranked lowest in theRead More pm case study Essay587 Words   |  3 Pageswith Sharp Printing’s laser printer project is its senior management’s lack of communication to its project manager on its priorities. The project manager’s estimate for the cost of the project is $1,250,000 over senior managements estimate. This is a huge discrepancy and the cost and time estimates done by the project manager seem to be fairly reasonable. 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There are tradeoffs between the three prime objectives of project management, starting with the first set of trade-offs being required to preserver some balance between the project time, cost, and scope goals. The trade-offs can vary based on the stages of the projects. During the formation stage all three objectives are equal in importance. The buildup stage has time / schedule as theRead MoreVolkswagen : Managing It Priorities Case Study714 Words   |  3 PagesManaging IT priorities Case Study 1. Define acronyms BPTO, DBC, ITSC, PMO, NRG and explain. BPTO, Business Process Technology Organization. This was a department created by Matulovic. They dealt with projects that dealt with â€Å"challenged† projects. Also known as the firefighter department due to the type of projects it received. DBC: Digital Business Council, this council was created to asses the impact the business side of IT projects. The challenge with this council was to align IT related projects withRead MoreHarmony with the Environment674 Words   |  3 PagesThe results of data analysis indicated the priority of structure on other mentioned obstacles. Inappropriate structure may decrease flexibility and may also weaken organizational ability to be in harmony with the environment especially whenever the organization needs alteration in the strategic priorities in order to improve its competitive place. Allocation of the highest priority to the structure may show inefficiency of the efforts of contractual companies managers in order to prepare structuralRead MoreProject Manager Provides The Direction, Coordination And Integration1544 Words   |  7 Pages2. Project Manager provides the direction, coordination and integration to the project. project manager acts as the person of contact with upper management, team members and the client people, also solve out the problems and direct the team memb ers for the solution. Set up regular meetings with the team and discuss the issues being faced, and also get their ideas on certain project related tasks. Project manager plays an important role in integrating different areas together and holding them comfortablyRead MoreGoogle Inc. s Management Style Essay711 Words   |  3 Pageswell known web search engines. Google Inc.’s management style has been admired by many. While most corporations have a CEO that leads, Google, Inc. has participated in a modified model of upper management. Google, Inc. has embraced diversity and this is evident in their set up of upper management. At Google, Inc., employees have creative freedom to develop new projects or ideas. These projects are then analyzed based on the market and given priority based on additional investigation. This unconventionalRead MoreD.D. Williams999 Words   |  4 PagesPrioritizing Projects at D. D. 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Williamson had too many projects that were all deemed important.

Healthcare A Case Study and Lecture Notes On MRI

Question: Review the required readings for this module and research the peer-reviewed literature regarding price transparency and value-driven health care. Prepare a paper that addresses the following: Search for a new primary care physician where you live. Describe in depth how you made your physician choice. What impact did price have on your decision making? What were the key factors that impacted your decision making? Search for pricing for an MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) for a 13-year-old female patient complaining of headaches. Determine the cost of this procedure to you, as well as the cost is to the insurance provider. Do a price comparison against three other facilities offering the same service. Provide a chart that summarizes the price differences. Reflect on your experience and summarize the following: How long did this take? How comfortable would you be if you actually had to purchase these services in determining the value for services? Answer: Introduction Choosing a physician is a very important decision and should be considered by taking various facts in the consideration. MRI is a service which scans the human body parts for finding the defects. Thus, this report will discuss the factors that should be considered while doing an MRI; like, what MRI is actually and what is the average cost of MRI in U.S. as well as cost comparison of the three reputed MRI centres in U.S. This report also discusses time taken in MRI and how cost effective MRI centres can be searched. Choosing a Physician Medtronic physician centre provides the primary physician services in United States. There are many centres of Medtronic and is providing the best physician services in all over U.S. with many satisfied customers. According to the reviews, Medtronic is best in MRI services in United States. Medtronic provides its physician services at affordable cost. The factors that should be considered while choosing a physician are as follows: Price: Price is really a great factor while choosing a physician. Its really important to check the price of the physician that is going to be considered. The physician should be affordable because sometimes it may be possible that the respective physicians treatment did not work on you. This does not mean that the physician is not good but it may be possible that the treatment did not suit the person. Thus, the person may need to go to another physician. This may need more money. So, price is an important factor. Qualification and certification of physician: Qualification of the physician is also important. Qualification of the doctors provides the proof that they have a proper qualification and the knowledge about what they are doing. Certification actually includes how the doctor is certified for his work. It also includes the licence of the physician which tells whether the person is eligible to work as a physician. Govt. issues the license to the doctors by watching their performance as a doctor. Review: Before going to any physician, the review of other people should be considered. People should take recommendation from the other people who have taken the services of the respective physician because this provides a raw imagination about the physician weather he or she is able solve the problem. Reviews are actually the personal experiences of people; these are more realistic than considering the qualification of the physician. Policies of the Physician: Policies of the physician is also important to consider, these include up to what extent the physician is liable towards the patients and how responsible is s/he as a physician (Customer Report, 2014). Specialism of the Physician: People should also consider the specialism of the doctor. Whether the doctor is able to provide a proper solution to the patient. It will not mean anything to such doctor who doesnt have any knowledge about the persons problem that will just waste time and money. Red Flags: Some doctors do an unauthorised practice which is not approved by the govt. Even the best doctors do this as it may sometimes be necessary in some conditions. These types of practices are called mal practice. For good doctors only one or two situations of mal practice claim is allowed but if there are more claims against him then the physician should be omitted because this may risk the life of the patients or may become the reason of various side effects. Magnetic Resource Imaging (MRI) Magnetic resource imaging is a type of test that is done by creating a magnetic field. This also uses the radio wave energy. Radio wave energy is used to create picture of organs and inner structure of the body. This can be done by various ways like X-Rays, Computer Tomographic scan or ultrasound (Web md, 2014). MRI is very costly in United States. The average cost of MRI in US is $2611. We are going to consider the three MRI centres for considering the Medical Imaging Centre, DC MRI centre, Medtronic. These are the best service providers in their field. We have considered the cost of MRI for 13 year old female. This female has the problem of headache. Thus, the cost sheet of these centres are as follows. Cost sheet of the three MRI centres are as follows. According to the reviews, it was found that the Medical imaging centre is best in case of head MRI, as DC MRI centre is a specialist in case of the brain related problems. Thats why, even at low prices, it provides the best service in case of brain related problems than others (Chakravorty, 2012). Checking reliability of service MRI generally takes from 10 minutes to 2 hours that depends on the parts of the body which needs the scanning. This also takes the time according to the sensitiveness of the part. It should be considered that the MRI uses the radio waves for scanning the body parts that may result in various side effects or problems. These services are really tough to choose. So, first the patient should see whether the service which he is taking is appropriate for him or not. Along with that it should also be checked if the centre is providing the services according to the payment. For this, the person should take the review from the patients who have taken these services. Secondly, the person should check the prices in other centres also and check the internet for these services, so that they are satisfied about the cost and the service of these centres. (Blink, 2012). Conclusion The above report is the result of various studies and research. Choosing a physician is really an important task. Patients should consider all the facts about the physician which he is going to choose. People should check the qualification of the physician which will provide the specification and specialism about the physician and should also consider the other facts. MRI scans the human body for finding any disease. The price of MRI is also high; thus, it should be chosen very carefully. References Customer Report (2014). How to Choose a Doctor. Retrieved on 14th January 2015 from https://www.consumerreports.org/cro/2014/09/how-to-choose-a-doctor/index.htm. Web Md (2014). Magnetic Resource Imaging. Retrieved on 14th January 2015 from https://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/magnetic-resonance-imaging-mri Blink, EJ (2012). Magnetic Resource Imaging. Retrieved on 14th January 2015 from https://www.mri-physics.net/bin/mri-physics-en-rev1.3.pdf Chakravarty, A (2012). Cost Effective Analysis for Technology Acquisition. Retrieved on 14th January 2015 from https://medind.nic.in/maa/t08/i1/maat08i1p46.pdf

Excretion and Elimination of Toxicants and their M Essay Example For Students

Excretion and Elimination of Toxicants and their M Essay etabolitesExcretion and Elimination of Toxicants and their Metabolites The first topic that was covered by this chapter was the excretion of wastesby the Renal system. The first step that occurs in the kidney deals with thenephron, which is the functional unit of the kidney. In the glomerulus theformation of urine begins with the passive filtration of plasma through thepores that are found in the glomerulus. The plasma is forced through these poresby hydrostatic pressure. The only things that determines if a molecule will passthrough the pores of the glomerulus is its molecular weight. The lower themolecular weight, the easier it will pass through the pores. Anotherdetermining factor will be if a molecule is bound to a large molecule. If thisis true then passage through the pores will be hindered by the size of thelarger molecule. Reabsorbtion of the many ions, minerals and other nutrients that escaped inthe glomerular filtrate will need to be recovered.. Reabsorbtion begins in thetubules of the nephron. Anywhere from 65% to 90% of reabsorbtion occurs inthese structures. Active reabsortion is used to recapture glucose, proteins,amino acids and other nutrients. Water and chloride ions are passivelyreabsorbed by the establishment of osmotic and electrochemical gradients. Boththe Loop of Henley and collecting duct are used to establish these osmolargradients. The tubule has a brush border that will absorb proteins andpolypeptides through pinocytosis. These molecules are sometimes catabolised andconverted into amino acids. and returned to the blood. Sometimes theaccumulation of these proteins can lead to renal toxicity A second process that occurs in the tubules is tubular secretion. This isanother mechanism used to excrete solutes. Secretion may be either passive oractive. Secretions include organic bases, which occur in the pars recta of theproximal tubule. Secretions of weak bases and two weak acids occur passively. Other mechanisms involves the use of a mechanism that is called ion trapping. Ata certain pH the compounds are more ionized. Outside of the tubule thesecompounds are non-ionized and are lipophilic. Thus they are able to diffuseacross the membranes of the tubule. Once inside, the pH of the tubule willionize them and render then unable to pass across the cell membranes. The removal of xenobiotics is dependant on many factors. First is thepolarity of the xenobiotic. Polar compounds are soluble in the plasma water aremore easily removed by the kidneys through the use of glomerular filtration. Thefaster the rate of glomerular filtration , the faster the polar xenobiotics areeliminated from the body. Other factors that affect the rate of eliminationinclude: dose of the xenobiotic, the rate pf absorbtion, and the ability to bindto proteins as well as the polarity of the compound. In comparison lipophilic compounds will cross the cell membrane with moreease. Due to their lipohpillic properties they will follow the theirconcentration gradient across the membrane of the tubules and are ,therefore,easily retained by the body. If a lipophilic compound is metabolized to a morepolar state then it is more easily metabolized. Another important factor thatwill determine excretion by the kidneys will be the pH of the environment. Thosecompounds that are effected by pH will have both an ionized and nonionic form. When in their nonionized form it will rebsorbed by the tubules and kept theirbecause of their change to an ionized form. The liver is the second most important organ that is involved in the removalof wastes from the body. The primary methood of excretion involvrd the Hepaticcells of the liver. Both passive and active modes of transport are used. .u57270a4f87295020c946558b8b0ba8a3 , .u57270a4f87295020c946558b8b0ba8a3 .postImageUrl , .u57270a4f87295020c946558b8b0ba8a3 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u57270a4f87295020c946558b8b0ba8a3 , .u57270a4f87295020c946558b8b0ba8a3:hover , .u57270a4f87295020c946558b8b0ba8a3:visited , .u57270a4f87295020c946558b8b0ba8a3:active { border:0!important; } .u57270a4f87295020c946558b8b0ba8a3 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u57270a4f87295020c946558b8b0ba8a3 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u57270a4f87295020c946558b8b0ba8a3:active , .u57270a4f87295020c946558b8b0ba8a3:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u57270a4f87295020c946558b8b0ba8a3 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u57270a4f87295020c946558b8b0ba8a3 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u57270a4f87295020c946558b8b0ba8a3 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u57270a4f87295020c946558b8b0ba8a3 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u57270a4f87295020c946558b8b0ba8a3:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u57270a4f87295020c946558b8b0ba8a3 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u57270a4f87295020c946558b8b0ba8a3 .u57270a4f87295020c946558b8b0ba8a3-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u57270a4f87295020c946558b8b0ba8a3:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Poverty in Americas Chil Essay Bile is excreted by the hepatic cells. It is a concentration of amphipaticcompounds that will aid in the transport of lipids from the small intestine. Before reaching the small intestine, via the common bile duct, it will be storedand concentrated in the gall bladder. The bile will then be reabsorbed by aprocess known as enterohepatic circulation. The more lipophilic or nonionized a compound is, the more readily it will beabsorbed. Solubility is another factor that will determine absorbance. The rapidabsorbance of these compounds does not mean that they will not be readilyexcreted. Some compounds are readily excreted after absorbtion. Most toxic xenobiotics are very lipophilic. This means that they will beeasily ablorbed and dispursed among the tissue. Their liphilic characterizationsalso means that there excretion in either the urine or bile will be in verysmall amounts, unless they are metabolized ito more polar compounds. One of the methods used to dispose toxic lipophilics is by degradation of thelarge compounds into small polar fragments thatcan be eliminated through theurine or bile. Oxidative metabolism of toxic cyclic and polycyclic hydrocarbonsis done with the introduction of a hyroxyl group into the ring structure. Theexcretion of halogenated hydrocarbons is extremely difficult. Their accumulationin the body occurs in both adipose tissue and lipid layers of the skin. Theywill stay there for the duration of theanimals life time. The molecular weight of a compound will determine if the compound will beexcreted in the urine or feces. Any elimination of a xenobiotic will be done inassociation with the excretion of another compound that is normally eliminatedby the body. Most gaseous and volatile xenobiotics are eliminated through thelungs. The rate of ecretion is based on how soluble the compond is in the blood,the rate of volume of respiration, and the rateof blood flow to the lungs. Asecond method used is the alveolobronchilar transport mechanism. Which willinvolve the use of the mucociliary bronchotracheal escalator that will end withthe material being swallowed and passed out of th body. Sex linked elimination is restricted to the female.The milk excreted by themother will contain the largest number of possible xenobiotics.The eliminationof the xenobiotic is dependant on the half-lifeof the compound. Most of thecompounds that are excreted are low in dosage and therefore are not lethal. Chronic exposure can be toxic to the nursing young. The type of materials thatare excreted are lipophilic because they are not excreted by the other majorpathways. In eggs the type of compound eliminated are also limpohpilic innature. Fetuses are mostly effected by lipophilic compounds that are ablr topass the placental barrier. There are cases of fatal exposure of xenobiotics tothe fetus through the mother. Science

Film Production Essays - Film Production, Film Genres, Film

Film Production In the period previous to the 1930's, the predominant form of filmmaking was that of the crank camera. This is not to say that motor-driven cameras were not possible. However, the motors to advance the film were so large that they were simply too cumbersome to be effective. Thus, it was the cameraman himself who would crank the film at a steady rate to expose the frames. When it came to showing the film, on the other hand, motor driven projectors were quite convenient, and by the 1920's a standard 24 frames per second was established for projecting films. Filming, however, remained unstandardized due to the inherent variation in recording speeds, since it depended directly on the cameraman. An experienced cameraman was capable of filming an entire film at approximately the same speed, yet often variations were made in the recording speed for dramatic effect. Decreasing the number of cranks, for example, exposed fewer frames and thus when projected at the standard 24 frames created the frenzied action that characterized much of the Vaudeville cinema. The French filmmaker Georges Melies was among the first to employ changing backdrops and costumes to tell his story. Up until that point many film were only a few minutes long taking place on a single set. Changing sets and costumes opened a vast range of new possibilities and spurred further growth in the fledgling industry. As the film industry expanded in America, filmmakers found and increasing need for to establish a single location at which they could build sets and film undisturbed. The bright sunlight, relative stability of climate, and varied terrain found in California made it an ideal place to film, much of the reason for the industry's concentration there. During this time, films were shot on a single reel, resulting in filmstrips that were only 15-20 minutes. Independent producers pioneered the use of double reel filmmaking during the years before the First World War. This allowed much longer films and opening the door for further opportunity, both financially and creatively, as well as bringing into being the double reel camera that became such an icon of movie production. The major advance of the 1930's was the introduction of synchronous sound and dialogue in the late 1930's. First invented and shown in the 1920's, it became the standard by the early 1930's, partly due to the invention of a device based on the radio that could effectively amplify sound in the theater. Initially there were two available systems with which to record sound. The first was similar to a phonograph, and recorded the sound to a separate disc. The second, more popular, system recorded the sound directly onto the celluloid strip. Initially sound hindered the filmmaking process, since the cameras had to be encased to muffle the noise of their motors and actors could not stray far from the stationary microphones. However, technological advances soon made up for this and the sound became an integral part of filmmaking. The incorporation of sound into film and the resulting movie theater draw triggered a number of mergers in Hollywood as companies tried to consolidate their power (and their wealth). The result of these unions was the creation of the first major studios that dominated the industry for decades, Fox Studios (later 20th Century Fox), Leow's Incorporated (later Metro-Goldwyn-Meyer), Paramount, RKO, and Warner Bros. These studios monopolized the industry through vertical consolidation, meaning they controlled every part of the production process. They owned the writers, the directors and producers, the actors, the equipment and crew, even the theaters. They controlled every step and dominated Hollywood until 1948 when the U.S. Government found them to be an illegal monopoly. It was also during this time that color in movies became possible through the use of the Technicolor system. Technicolor was created using a special camera that ran three strips of film, one in red, one in blue, and one in yellow. When the three strips were consolidated, the resulting image was in full color, though the colors were frequently very exaggerated as can be seen in two such films that were filmed in this manner, Gone With The Wind (1939) and The Wizard of Oz (1939). The 1940's also marked the beginning of the Italian movement known as "neorealism." This movement focused on portraying the non-fictional aspects of Italian society for entertainment, in contrast to many of the dream worlds that were being produced by Hollywood. Future generations of filmmakers would look to this movement as inspiration for their own films depicting their home countries in a

Ten Tips for Reporters Who Are Covering Accidents and Natural Disasters

Ten Tips for Reporters Who Are Covering Accidents and Natural Disasters Accidents and disasters – everything from plane and train crashes to earthquakes, tornadoes and tsunamis – are some of the hardest stories to cover. Reporters at the scene must gather information under very difficult circumstances, and produce stories on very tight deadlines. Covering such an event requires all of a reporter’s training and experience. But if you keep in mind the lessons youve learned and the skills youve acquired, covering an accident or a disaster can be a chance to really test yourself as a reporter, and to do some of your best work. So here are 10 tips to keep in mind. 1. Keep Your Cool Disasters are stressful situations. After all, a disaster means something horrible has happened on a very large scale. Many of the people at the scene, especially victims, will be distraught. It’s the reporter’s job in such a situation to keep a cool, clear head. 2. Learn Fast Reporters covering disasters often have to take in a lot of new information very quickly. For instance, you may not know much about planes, but if you’re suddenly called upon to help cover a plane crash, you’re going to have to learn as much as you can – fast. 3. Take Detailed Notes Take detailed notes about everything you learn, including things that seem insignificant. You never know when small details might become critical to your story. 4. Get Plenty of Description Readers will want to know what the scene of the disaster looked like, sounded like, smelled like. Get the sights, sounds and smells in your notes. Think of yourself as a camera, recording every visual detail you can. 5. Find The Officials in Charge In the aftermath of a disaster there will usually be dozens of emergency responders on the scene – firefighters, police, EMTs, and so on. Find the person who’s in charge of the emergency response. That official will have the big-picture overview of what’s happening and will be a valuable source. 6. Get Eyewitness Accounts Information from emergency authorities is great, but you need to also get quotes from people who saw what happened. Eyewitness accounts are invaluable for a disaster story. 7. Interview Survivors – If Possible It’s not always possible to interview survivors of a disaster immediately after the event. Often they’re being treated by EMTs or being debriefed by investigators. But if survivors are available, try your best to interview them. But remember, disaster survivors have just survived a traumatic event. Be tactful and sensitive with your questions and general approach. And if they say they don’t want to talk, respect their wishes. 8. Find The Heroes In nearly every disaster there are heroes who emerge - people who bravely and selflessly jeopardize their own safety in order to help others. Interview them. 9. Get The Numbers Disaster stories are often about numbers - how many people were killed or injured, how much property was destroyed, how fast the plane was traveling, etc. Remember to gather these for your story, but only from reliable sources - the officials in charge at the scene. 10. Remember The Five W’s and the H As you do your reporting, remember what’s critical to any news story – the who, what, where, when, why and how. Keeping those elements in mind will help to ensure that you gather all the information you need for your story. Read about writing disaster stories here. Return to Covering Different Kinds of Live Events

Second Industrial Revolution Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Second Industrial Revolution - Essay Example the policy makers were much more concerned with the creation of a stable economy, which according to them would be achieved easily through service-based industries as compared to the manufacturing industries. With the US currently in a state of modifications as manufacturing jobs depart the country and service trades rocket, a lot of parallels to the Second Industrial Revolution have been brought forward. A lot of jobs have been mislaid in the manufacturing industry; thus, the country is simply short of innovations (Adler & Pouwels, 2011). The new generation broods do not want courses that deal with engineering, but prefer law, banking sector amongst others. The country has also gone through issues of balance trading, since its goods cannot compete well in the market. Due to the demands of the service industry, the government has been forced to take on in deficit spending, so as to continue to exist in the industry. This is without a doubt a great risk to both tax payers and the country at

Hazardous Material Management and Hazard Communication Essay - 10

Hazardous Material Management and Hazard Communication - Essay Example Examples of such a statement are â€Å"fatal if inhaled†, â€Å"Causes severe skin burns and eye damage†. The danger sign should not be used for property damage hazards unless there is a risk of personal injuries. Warning statements describe hazardous situations that could cause a minor personal injury or serious injury or death. The sign can be used to represent a hazard level between â€Å"Caution† and â€Å"danger†. However, like the danger signs, warning signs should not be used for property damage hazards unless there is a risk of personal injuries. An example of a warning statement is, â€Å"This product contains royal jelly that has been reported to cause severe allergic reactions†. Cautionary statements describe situations that may lead to minor injuries. An example of such a statement is, â€Å"Keep away from heat, ignition surfaces, sparks and open flames† or â€Å"Handle under inert gas†. Notice statements are used to make people aware of things that could result in things other than personal injury (Kubik, 2006). The statement may contain important information that does not need to be related to any hazards. â€Å"The solvent used in the manufacturing of this product may have been contaminated by hazardous

Developing Business Information System Solutions Essay

Developing Business Information System Solutions - Essay Example It needs to be mentioned that because of the lines of emergence of high speed internet connectivity, the network of communication channels has improved in a drastic manner all over the world. The internet has played a major role in the process of creating the channels of communication in the various regions of the developed as well as the developing economies. It can be rightly said that it is of considerable importance to highlight that this technology powered development has resulted in the process of transformation of the globe, where the entire world can be represented and increasingly seen as a single and well connected global entity. Because of this technology powered transformation of the world around us, there has always been a steady evolution of various kinds of trends associated with the factor of globalization. The trends of globalization, that are emerging from all corners of the world are increasingly getting diffused at a very rapid pace and it is happening irrespectiv e of the fact of whether the regions are located in the developed or developing economies. The rapid diffusion of the trends of globalization is resulting in the process of evolution of various kinds of new types of consumer demands. ... It has to be stated that the entry of new firms in a specific market plays a very important role in increasing the level of competition and thereby leads to the process of increasing the consumer’s power. In this case, the focus is on a commercial and domestic equipment hire company named EquipHire. The company’s management has identified the fact that the existing information system is nearing the last stage of its product life cycle. As a result, the top management is looking for a fresh assessment of the business information requirements of the company along with recommendation for new information systems which will be successful in meeting the current business based requirements of the company. Description of the business While discussing about the business, it needs to be stated that the company EquipHire is in the business of providing commercial and domestic equipments for hire. The company has eleven branches which are spread in various regions ranging from metr opolitan Sydney, Wollongong as well as New Castle. The manpower of the company is a combination of both full time and part time employees. The product portfolio of the company is highly diverse in nature and comprises of building and engineering tools, equipments for industrial plants as well as domestic categories. Around 70% of the company’s sales are from the commercial sector like construction, engineering as well as architecture. Also, the sales from the domestic sector are growing at a steady rate and are starting to contribute in an active manner. Key information required for the business It needs to be considered that the information technology is a highly evolving field. With the passage of time, the development of new kinds of software often leads to the emergence of new information

Saving Birds From Extinction Environmental Sciences Essay

Saving Birds From Extinction Environmental Sciences Essay Now although the number and variety of birds that migrate has decreased over the last two decades, several foreign species continue to visit National Zoological Park during winters. Previously, almost 5,000 migratory birds spread across more than 10 species used to fly down to the Delhi Zoological Park. But now this number has fallen to an alarming 500-odd birds belonging to hardly five-six species. According to the Zoos curator several true migratory birds like Siberian crane, Brahminy duck, Mallard, Red-Crested Pochard and White Stork have not visited the Delhi zoo over the last few years. This decline is due to a number of reasons including atmospheric pollution, hunting by humans, lack of food, global warming etc. Local migratory birds also turn up at the Delhi Zoo, and this place becomes a treat to watch for bird lovers. October end and November are the months when the birds start arriving, and more birds are estimated to come by January and February. STATE WHAT WE KNOW ABOUT THE CHANGING STATE OF BIRDS: Since the year 1500, we have lost over 150 bird species an extinction rate far higher than the natural background. Today, one in eight bird species is threatened with global extinction, with 189 species Critically Endangered, and Red List assessments show that things are getting worse. Particularly alarming are sharp declines in many formerly common and widespread species. This is a signal of wider environmental problems, and of the erosion of biodiversity as a whole. Why birds are declining:irds are declining: Humans are responsible for the threats to birds. Expanding and intensifying agriculture and forestry destroy and degrade habitats. Inadequately managed fisheries, ever-spreading infrastructure, invasive alien species, pollution and overexploitation all pose serious problems. Climate change, with impacts already visible, may be the most serious threat of all. These threats have deeper causes, rooted in our failure to accord wild nature its true value. Sound environment: Over the past few decades, the worlds governments have endorsed many international agreements relevant to the conservation of biodiversity, demonstrating their willingness to cooperate in tackling important environmental issues. The challenge now is to harness this commitment and ensure that concrete actions are taken where they are most needed. In several countries, the engagement of civil society and indigenous peoples organisations has resulted in impressive progress. There are signs of increasing action in the private sector, too. Agriculture and forestry are the key drivers of habitat destruction of birds: In Africa, habitat clearance for agriculture and logging threatens 50% and 23% of Important Birds Areas (IBAs) respectively. In Europe, agricultural expansion and intensification are among the most serious threats affecting IBAs. Proportion of IBAs impacted by different classes of threats in Africa and Europe Analysis of data held in BirdLifes World Bird Database (2004) In Africa, habitat clearance for agriculture threatens over 50% of Important Bird Areas (IBAs), with degradation owing to shifting agriculture an additional pressure (Fishpool and Evans 2001). In Europe too, agricultural expansion and intensification are among the most serious threats affecting IBAs, with a high impact at 35% (Heath and Evans 2000). In Africa, selective logging or tree-cutting affects 23% of IBAs, with degradation owing to firewood collection (including charcoal production) and forest grazing being additional, often related pressures (these threats are of less importance in Europe where little old-growth forest remains). In Africa, ongoing or planned infrastructure development (including dam and road building) is a further key cause of habitat destruction, with 21% of IBAs affected. In Europe this is also a major factor affecting IBAs, with a high impact at 37% . The Effects of Oil on Wildlife: We have all seen pictures and videos of wildlife covered in black, sticky oil after an oil spill.   These pictures are usually of oiled birds.   Many people are not aware that it is not just birds that get oiled during a spill.   Other marine life such as marine mammals can also suffer from the effects of an oil spill.   Even small spills can severely affect marine wildlife. Not all oils are the same.   There are many different types of oil and this means that each oil spill is different depending on the type of oil spilt.   Each oil spill will have a different impact on wildlife and the surrounding environment depending on: the type of oil spilled, the location of the spill, the species of wildlife in the area, the timing of breeding cycles and seasonal migrations, and even the weather at sea during the oil spill. Oil affects wildlife by coating their bodies with a thick layer.   Many oils also become stickier over time (this is called weathering) and so adheres to wildlife even more.   Since most oil floats o nthe surface of the water it can effect many marine animals and sea birds.   Unfortunately, birds and marine mammals will not necessarily avoid an oil spill.   Some marine mammals, such as seals and dolphins, have been seen swimming and feeding in or near an oil spill.   Some fish are attracted to oil because it looks like floating food.   This endangers sea birds, which are attracted to schools of fish and may dive through oil slicks to get to the fish. Oil that sticks to fur or feathers, usually crude and bunker fuels, can cause many problems.   Some of these problems are: hypothermia in birds by reducing or destroying the insulation and waterproofing properties of their feathers; hypothermia in fur seal pups by reducing or destroying the insulation of their woolly fur (called lanugo).   Adult fur seals have blubber and would not suffer from hypothermia if oiled.   Dolphins and whales do not have fur, so oil will not easily stick to them; birds become easy prey, as their feathers being matted by oil make them less able to fly away; marine mammals such as fur seals become easy prey if oil sticks their flippers to their bodies, making it hard for them to escape predators; birds sink or drown because oiled feathers weigh more and their sticky feathers cannot trap enough air between them to keep them buoyant; fur seal pups drown if oil sticks their flippers to their bodiesk birds lose body weight as their metabolism tries to combat low body temperature; marine mammals lose body weight when they can not feed due to contamination of their environment by oil; birds become dehydrated and can starve as they give up or reduce drinking, diving and swimming to look for food; inflammation or infection in dugongs and difficulty eating due to oil sticking to the sensory hairs around their mouths; disguise of scent that seal pups and mothers rely on to identify each other, leading to rejection, abandonment and starvation of seal pups; and damage to the insides of animals and birds bodies, for example by causing ulcers or bleeding in their stomachs if they ingest the oil by accident. Oil does not have to be sticky to endanger wildlife.   Both sticky oils such as crude oil and bunker fuels, and non-sticky oils such as refined petroleum products can affect different wildlife.   Oils such as refined petroleum products do not last as long in the marine environment as crude or bunker fuel.   They are not likely to stick to a bird or animal, but they are much more poisonous than crude oil or bunker fuel.   While some of the following effects on sea birds, marine mammals and turtles can be caused by crude oil or bunker fuel, they are more commonly caused by refined oil products. Oil in the environment or oil that is ingested can cause: poisoning of wildlife higher up the food chain if they eat large amounts of other organisms that have taken oil into their tissues; interference with breeding by making the animal too ill to breed, interfering with breeding behaviour such as a bird sitting on their eggs, or by reducing the number of eggs a bird will lay; damage to the airways and lungs of marine mammals and turtles, congestion, pneumonia, emphysema and even death by breathing in droplets of oil, or oil fumes or gas; damage to a marine mammals or turtles eyes, which can cause ulcers, conjunctivitis and blindness, making it difficult for them to find food, and sometimes causing starvation; irritation or ulceration of skin, mouth or nasal cavities; damage to and suppression of a marine mammals immune system, sometimes causing secondary bacterial or fungal infections; damage to red blood cells; organ damage and failure such as a bird or marine mammals liver; damage to a birds adrenal tissue which interferes with a birds ability to maintain blood pressure, and concentration of fluid in its body; decrease in the thickness of egg shells; stress; damage to fish eggs, larvae and young fish; contamination of beaches where turtles breed causing contamination of eggs, adult turtles or newly hatched turtles; damage to estuaries, coral reefs, seagrass and mangrove habitats which are the breeding areas of many fish and crustaceans, interfering with their breeding; tainting of fish, crustaceans, molluscs and algae; interference with a baleen whales feeding system by tar-like oil, as this type of whale feeds by skimming the surface and filtering out the water; and poisoning of young through the mother, as a dolphin calf can absorb oil through its mothers milk.    Animals covered in oil at the beginning of a spill may be affected differently from animals encountering the oil later.   For example, early on, the oil maybe more poisonous, so the wildlife affected early will take in more of the poison.   The weather conditions can reduce or increase the potential for oil to cause damage to the environment and wildlife.   For example, warm seas and high winds will encourage lighter oils to form gases, and will reduce the amount of oil that stays in the water to affect marine life. The impact of an oil spill on wildlife is also affected by where spilled oil reaches.   For example, fur seal pups are affected more than adults by oil spills because pups swim in tidal pools and along rocky coasts, whereas the adults swim in open water where it is less likely for oil to linger.   Dugongs als feed on seagrass along the coast and therefore be more affected by oil spills. Different resources will be needed to combat an oil spill, depending on the number and type of wildlife that is affected.   Climate Change Linked To Migratory Bird Decrease: Biologists believe that climate change is affecting living things worldwide, and the latest evidence suggests that warmer winters may mean fewer migratory birds. New research shows that as winter temperatures have risen in central Europe, the number of migratory birds has dropped. Ultimately, this may also decrease the number of migratory bird species there. We predict that with increasing winter temperaturesthe number of long-distance migratory bird species should decline, say Nicole Lemoine and Katrin Boehning-Gaese of Johannes Gutenberg University in Mainz, Germany, in the April issue of Conservation Biology. The Earths surface temperature has increased by about a degree F since 1860, and is expected to increase by as much as 10 degrees F more over the next century. Already, climate change is affecting plants and animals in many parts of the world: for instance, plants in Europe have a longer growing season, a North American marmot has a shorter hibernation period, and some migratory birds in Europe are starting to breed earlier. Climate change could also affect the abundance and diversity of birds. The idea is that warmer winters could increase the survival of birds that live in an area year-round, which could give migratory birds more competition for resources such as food and nest sites when they return to breed in the spring and that in turn could decrease the total number of migratory birds as well as the number of species. To see if climate change affects the abundance and diversity of migratory birds, Lemoine and Boehning-Gaese analyzed existing bird census and climate data for the Lake Constance region of central Europe, which includes parts of Germany, Austria and Switzerland. The researchers determined the number of land bird species and the abundance of each species during two recent census periods (1980-81 and 1990-92). The researchers considered 300 species of land birds and divided them into three categories: residents, short-distance migrants (those that migrate an average of roughly 600 to 1,200 miles) and long-distance migrants (those that migrate more than 2,200 miles). There were 122, 80 and 108 species in each category, respectively. While climate change did not affect resident or short-distance migratory birds, Lemoine and Boehning-Gaese found that it did affect the long-distance migrants. Between the two census periods, winters got warmer and the abundance of long-distant migrants decreased. Specifically, the average temperature of the coldest month increased more than four degrees F, and the abundance of long-distance migratory birds decreased by a fifth. Ultimately, warmer winters will probably also decrease the number of long-distance migratory bird species in Central Europe, say the researchers. In addition, the birds migratory behavior will probably evolve. The migratory behavior of bird populations can change in only a few generations, and several populations of wrens, skylarks and other short-distance migrants have stopped migrating in the last 20 years. Migrating Birds Cant Control Themselves: During the spring and fall migratory seasons, sparrows become significantly less capable of resisting temptation. Researchers writing in the open access journal  BMC Neuroscience  investigated impulse control and sleep in white-crowned sparrows during migratory and non-migratory seasons. During migratory periods, the birds slept very little and became more impulsive, but sleep loss itself was not entirely to blame for their impulsivity. University of Wisconsin-Madison researchers studied the effects of migratory status and sleep deprivation on the ability of a group of sparrows to master the urge to peck at a food-giving button. According to study director Ruth Benca, In the wild, despite marked reductions in apparent opportunity to sleep, birds continue to successfully engage in prolonged flight, complex navigation and predator evasion during migration. In the laboratory, weve previously found that birds in the migratory state can learn to peck at a switch for food as well as birds during non-migratory periods. In contrast, in this study we demonstrate that, relative to birds in the non-migratory state, they struggle to learn when not to peck. This apparent hyperactivity during the migratory period may be linked to the fact that the migrating birds sleep periods become divorced from the light/dark cycle they follow during the non-migratory seasons of Summer and Winter; separate experiments showed that sleep deprivation alone does not cause this loss of control. Short sleep duration in the summer is also not associated with increased impulsivity. According to Benca, It is conceivable that the temporal fragmentation of migratory sleep plays a role in the migration-specific loss of behavioral inhibition. Whether the inability to inhibit pecking is related to a general failure of inhibition, a distorted sense of time, inattention to salient cues, or some other underlying mechanism is not entirely clear. How to Prevent Illness in  Birds: Reducing the Risk of Illness in Pet  Birds While it can be difficult to think about, the reality of bird ownership is that there are many things that can adversely affect a birds health in our homes, in the air, and even within the safety of your birds own cage. Reducing the risk of illness as much as possible is a necessity for the majority of bird owners, and can be done by working to eliminate the major risk factors in your birds environment. Pay close attention to the information below to help your bird ward off some of the most common illnesses that affect birds in captivity. As the old saying goes, an ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure! Practice good hygiene. Practicing good  hygiene  around your bird can go a long way toward preventing the onset of illness in your pet. In addition to washing your hands both before and after you handle your feathered friend, you should also take time to make sure that your birds toys, dishes, and other cage accessories are cleaned and disinfected on a regular basis. Practice good cage-cleaning techniques by changing the liner at least once a day, and doing a deep, thorough scrubbing weekly. Taking these sorts of steps will help reduce the your birds risk of being exposed to viruses and bacteria that may find their ways into your pets living space. Solution: In BriefHuman history has followed a pattern-which began in Africa but is now global in scope-of exploiting nature and depleting resources. As we have expanded our influence over the world, we have also extinguished species and populations at an alarming rate. Despite attempts to reduce biodiversity loss, the trend is likely to continue: nearly 20% of all humans-more than a billion-now live within biodiversity hotspots, and their growth rate is faster than the population at large. This article presents nine steps to reduce biodiversity loss, with a goal of categorizing human-caused extinctions as wrongs, such as the slave trade and child labor, that are unacceptable to society. These steps include developing a system of parks that highlight the planets biological legacy, much as historical landmarks celebrate human history. Legal prohibitions that are fairly and capably enforced will also be essential in protecting rare and declining species. Biodiversity endowments-from national gov ernments, nongovernmental organizations, and private enterprises-can help support parks and native species in perpetuity. Like a good sports team, conservationists need to defend extant wilderness areas, but they also need to play offense by restoring ecosystems, reclaiming keystone and umbrella species, and making human landscapes more hospitable to biodiversity. In the long run, the most effective forms of conservation will be those that engage local stakeholders; the cultivation of sustainable ecosystems and their services must be promoted along with conservation of endangered species and populations. The emerging field of ecological economics can unite these goals by revealing the connections between human well-being and conservation. Key Concepts Extinction is likely to be one of our longest-lasting legacies. To address this crisis, we will need landscape-level management of wilderness and human-impacted areas, community involvement, legislation, economic incentives, bioliteracy, unified conservation science, and attention to the prime drivers of extinction: growth of the human population and its aggregate consumption. The new field of ecological economics, which synthesizes human activities and natural processes, can quantify the costs and benefits of biodiversity protection. We need a social transformation, through education and ecological literacy, to make human-caused extinction a thing of the past, like the slave trade, apartheid, and the Iron Curtain. In 2008, the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds in the UK announced a final call to find the slender-billed curlew, a one-time resident of Europe, the Middle East, and North Africa, last seen in 1999. Meanwhile, scientists in Australia pronounced the white lemuroid possum extinct; a native of mountain forests in Queensland, the possum was the first mammalian extinction blamed exclusively on global warming.. Two critically endangered frog species were declared extinct, despite their protection by a Costa Rican national park. More than 140 species of mammals, 24 birds, 6 reptiles, and 5 amphibians deteriorated in conservation status, moving from lower to higher risk categories of concern on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, the global authority on the conservation status of the worlds animals and plants.1  Only 37 mammals improved during this period, along with two birds and one amphibian. Unfortunately, the year 2008 was not exceptional in these respects. The biodiversity crisis is by now as well known as it is tragic. The species extinction rate is of great concern. At least 76 mammal species are known to have gone extinct since 1500, with several others on the verge.2  The baiji, a freshwater dolphin of the Yangtze, will almost certainly join the list soon. The Scimitar-horned oryx and Pere Davids deer now probably exist only in captivity. Marine mammals are in severe danger, especially in northern oceans. Things are even worse for other, less celebrated, taxa. More than 70% of North Americas freshwater mussel species are on the edge of extinction.3  Since the Polynesians first arrived on Hawaii 1,600 years ago, more than 70% of the islands native birds have disappeared.4  Since 1850, the extinction rate for the worlds birds has been about 100 times higher than the background rate in the fossil record. More than 10% of all bird species remain threatened. Seabi rds have been in special jeopardy-rats took out many island colonies, and about 130 of the 450 remaining species are threatened with extinction-but forest birds arent faring much better. If deforestation continues at the present pace, so many birds may disappear that their extinction rate will increase by more than an order of magnitude by the end of the century.5 The problem is much bigger than species loss. The diversity of life spans many levels, from strands of DNA within an individual to entire ecosystems comprising billions of organisms and thousands of species. Extinction occurs adaptation by adaptation, population by population, habitat by habitat. The disappearance of a population is often a prelude to species extinction,6  but species can lose their ecological relevance long before they go extinct, as their numbers dwindle and they no longer remain key players in the system. Many extant species are now absent from more than half of their historic ranges. As organisms disappear, we lose our natural capital-the ecological goods and services that enrich and sustain our lives. That deforestation and overgrazing can lead to erosion and desertification is as obvious as the Sahel, but other connections-such as the rise of malaria and hemorrhagic fevers in disturbed lands-are becoming more apparent as our ecological footprints and understa nding of diseases expand. There is a growing recognition that our natural heritage is at risk, irreplaceable, and central to our well-being. There are potential remedies for these problems, but they will take effort and determination. The financial crisis made front-page news every day in early 2009. The global extinction crisis barely was mentioned. Yet economic recessions are a blip in history, whereas the effects of runaway extinction will linger for millions of years. Paleontologists have identified long lags in the evolution of new organisms following major extinction events, largely because diversity begets diversity. Extinction chips away at the genetic and ecological engines of speciation. With fewer genetic lineages, there is a reduction in the raw material of evolution: variation in DNA. A reduction in ecosystems and unique niches means fewer opportunities for new organisms to evolve. The drop in the number of species, genera, and families on the planet is likely to be a long-lasting legacy of human activities. We will be poorer without a rich store of biodiversity-in spirit, in health, and even in our pocketboo ks. Here are nine tactics that could help moderate human-caused extinctions. Most of these suggestions have been made before, repeatedly, but they warrant our continued and ever-more-urgent attention. Landscape 1. Biodiversity Parks Many countries have national parks that feature special landscapes and geological formations: the volcanic caldera of Yellowstone, the Grand Canyon, Mount Kilimanjaro. In addition to these traditional and essential parks, there is a need to protect a carefully designed network of reserves on each continent and in every ocean. This global series, or archipelago, of biological refuges-biodiversity parks-will preserve key features of the Earths biological legacy inherited from the evolutionary past into the future. Such parks, in effect, would celebrate and honor the evolutionary heritage reflected in biological diversity, just as traditional national parks and monuments preserve special geological features or honor important historical events in human affairs. Rather than merely constructing museums that memorialize biocide, biodiversity parks would offer explicit protection for endangered species and evolutionarily distinctive ecosystems. The task is not as insurmountable as it might appear. By preserving and endowing just 25 biodiversity hotspots (less than two percent of the earths land area) we could help protect 44% of vascular plant species and 35% of all species of mammals, birds, reptiles and amphibians for $500 million a year7-less than 0.1% of the funds allocated to the United States Troubled Asset Relief Program (TARP) to bail out incompetent financial institutions. One difficulty with many current park systems is that reserves often tend to be on residual lands that are not very valuable for resource extraction or human subsistence. A study of new reserves in Australia showed that they were typically gazetted on steep and infertile public lands, areas least in need of protection.8  Without proper planning, ad hoc reserves can be ineffective, often occupying less productive land, making the goal of protecting biodiversity more expensive and less likely to succeed. Well-placed networks of sanctuaries, designed with an awareness of ongoing climate disruption and the unique biotic facets of the sites, can help shepherd many species through the extinction crisis. In discussing parks, we often think of landscapes, but the biodiversity crisis affects aquatic systems as well. Protection of the oceans requires safeguards against overfishing and networks of marine reserves that include rich nearshore habitats (such as coral reefs and upwellings) as well as deep-sea vents and abyssal plains. As on land, these protected areas should range from strict nature reserves where fishing and extraction are forbidden to seascapes that are managed for their cultural and ecological value. Areas that are open to exploitation should be managed sustainably to meet the long-term resource needs of local communities, while providing natural services such as recreational opportunities and water purification.9 2. Ecologically Reclaimed and Restored Habitats Humans need to play conservation offense as well as defense. Beyond the immediate concern with the loss of a particular population, species, or ecosystem, a focus on long-term recovery and biological revival is also essential. Scientific research can inform the restoration of local habitats and help renaturalize entire ecosystems by uniting scattered fragments. In Costa Rica, scientists, businesspeople, politicians, and the local community helped regenerate 700 square kilometers of a tropical forest system-an area assaulted by ranching, hunting, logging, and fires for almost 400 years. They purchased large tracts of land, stopped the farming and fires, and let nature take back its original terrain.10  Restoration relying on successional recovery is not always so predictable, however. The reintroduction of fire to sand barren prairies that had been overgrown with willow was not enough to restore the prairie. The woody vegetation was resistant to the fire regime.11  For that reason, restoration ecologists are often needed to ensure the recovery of degraded lands.12  Thousands of species have been eradicated or imperiled by the construction of ill-conceived dams throughout the world. It is too late for the many freshwater mussels and fish that have gone extinct, but for others the damage still can be reversed. The removal of the Edwards Dam from the Kennebec River in Maine restored large numbers of eels, sturgeon, and striped bass to upstream habitats, where they had been absent for more than 150 years. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service funds competitive grants for private stewardship of lands, with an emphasis on endangered species habitat. Dozens of federal grants support restoration projects such as prairie streams for the Topeka shiner in Iowa, aquatic systems for Arctic grayling in Montana, grasslands for a threatened milk-vetch and other plant species in Oregon, and habitat for sage grouse in Colorado.13 The reintroduction of individual species can play an important role in rewilding parks and their surrounding ecosystems. Large animals are especially prone to extinction, yet they are often key to ecological dynamics. The return of a megafaunal species to its historic range can yield many benefits: undo a population extinction, make habitats more interesting and exciting for locals and visitors, and restore ecological interactions (often with positive system-wide consequences). There have been several successful examples of repatriation, though far from enough. Bald eagles now nest in every state in the continental U.S., and populations have increased by more than an order of magnitude since their lows in the 1960s. Przewalskis wild horse has been reclassified from Extinct in the Wild to Critically Endangered, with more than 300 free-ranging individuals now roaming Mongolia. After several decades of absence from the park, gray wolves released by the Yellowstone Wolf Recovery Team in 1995 produced some surprising changes: survivorship of pronghorn fawns increased fourfold, as coyote densities declined where wolves were present;14  streamside vegetation returned as elk browsing declined; and tourists flocked to the region, spawning a new type of ecotourism-wolf watching-now a $35 million a year industry.15 Some have argued that one way to restore ecological interactions that were lost with the extinction of the Pleistocene megafauna would be to introduce analogs, or modern counterparts, from elsewhere. For example, bringing Asian elephants to North America might provide seed dispersers for certain plants that co-evolved with mastodons.16  There is no scientific or ethical consensus about the wisdom of such expensive and transformative action. Yet the possibility that genetic engineers might one day be able to bring extinct megafauna such woolly mammoths to life from frozen ancient DNA17  should prompt us to consider whether, if such efforts are successful, mammoths are something worth restoring to landscapes that have not seen them in 11,000 years. Community 3. The Fabric of Local Communities As scholars, biologists mostly observe. They build models, experiment, and-on good days-make new empirical or conceptual connections: the effects of pesticides on egg development, the role of disease in amphibian declines, or the effects of biodiversity on ecosystem function. Such studies take place on the modest spatial scale of a Petri dish, a common garden, or perhaps a local landscape, and at the modest temporal scale of a few years. To ameliorate the extinction crisis, though, science must move beyond such focused analyses-i

Affirmative Action :: essays research papers

Affirmative Action Paper Q: What is a Definition of Affirmative Action: Affirmative action- a plan to offset past discrimination in employing or educating women, blacks etc. (Websters New World Dictionary.) The phase "affirmative action" was used in a racial discrimination context. Executive Order No. 10,925 issued by President John F. Kennedy in 1961. The order indicated that federal contractors should take affirmative action to ensure job applicants and employees are treated "without regard to their race, creed, or national origin." A person could define this statement as an order to imply equal access and nothing else. Q: What is the History of Affirmative Action? Affirmative action was implemented with the idea and hope that America would finally become truly equal. The tension of the 1960's civil rights movement had made it very clear, that the nations minority and female population was not receiving equal and social economic opportunity. The implementation of affirmative action was America's first honest attempt at solving a problem it had previously chose to ignore. The history of affirmative action has its roots in the Civil Rights Act of 1964, and stems from the United States Supreme case of Brown vs. Board of Education of Topeka Kansas. In 1969, the department of Labor exposed widespread racial discrimination of the Construction Department so President Nixon decided to incorporate a system of "goals and timetables" that provided guidelines for companies to follow and comply with affirmative action regulations. Which brings us to today Q:What caused the lawsuit. After applying to the University of Michigan Law School, Barbara was waitlisted then rejected. Similarly, Jennifer and Patrick were waitlisted then rejected by the University's College of Literature, Science, and the Arts. After learning that race played a large role in the University's admissions policies, all three realized that they would have been admitted had they been of a preferred race — black, Hispanic, or Native American. The three sought legal representation to vindicate their right to be free of racial discrimination. Q: What wad the Plaintiff’s Point of View? The three named plaintiffs and the class of rejected applicants they represent seek primarily injunctive relief to ensure that future applicants will be judged as individuals without regard to race. It is unfair to be judged by the color of your skin†¦ NO MATTER WHAT COLOR YOU ARE!!! WHITE IS A COLOR TOO Q: What is the Defendants Point of View? . That the University should remain off limits to the majority of working class and most middle class youth, but that it should be made â€Å"diverse† through the selective admission of a small percentage of minority students, who are given preference over qualified white students.

Indigenous Communities In Australia Health Health And Social Care Essay

Autochthonal communities in Australia are those communities that are said be the original dwellers of the Australian continent and the adjacent Islands. They are referred to as either Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islanders and do up merely 2.7 % of the Australian population. This community has diverse sub folks each exposing alone imposts, linguistic communication and civilization. Although the autochthonal community has lived longest in Australia, they are said to be the group that least enjoys proper wellness attention. The life anticipation among this group is 59.4 for work forces and 64.8 for work forces while maternal and child wellness attention bing in this community reflect that of the remainder of Australia during the 1920s.Although baby mortality has improved it is non the same as that reflected by remainder of Australia ( Barraclough, Gardener 50 ) . The greatest factor other than political relations that has been blamed for hapless proviso of wellness attention to the Aborigines is cultural chasm between the service supplier and the consumer. One must retrieve that the natives hold tight to their civilizations and their perceptual experiences on medical conditions are advised by their cultural beliefs. Traditional Aboriginal wellness theoretical accounts are determined by their â€Å" dreaming † patterns. Such theoretical accounts are holistic and both physical and mental unwellnesss are penned to the evildoing of any facet of jurisprudence. There forward those medical practitioneers who does non understand the beliefs of his Aboriginal patients might stop up being uneffective in their work Although the Australian authorities has for old ages attempted to supply better attention to the autochthonal community, it was n't until 1995 that a web of autochthonal wellness workers was formed in order to excite wellness attention activities. This web whose formation was facilitated by the â€Å" Australian Centre for Health publicity † helped in placing the preparation demands for those medical practitioneers working among the autochthonal communities and proviso of informed services to this community ( Funell, Koutoukidis and Lawrence117-119 ) . Through the Frame work for â€Å" Aboriginal and Torres Island Health partnership † , the Australian authorities has made a committedness to portion duties with the Aboriginal wellness practicians, provide long term support, just entree to wellness attention, and proviso of mainstream services that contribute to the betterment of Aboriginal wellness. It has besides committed itself towards the proviso of financess that are equal to the autochthonal people wellness jobs, credence of autochthonal services where mainstream wellness attention is unequal, better coordination of medicine activities among the Aborigines and the development of a proper information base to be used in supervising the wellness processes among this communities. Despite the authorities committedness, the Aboriginal societal constructions and autochthonal cognition and constructs is non clearly articulated in the Australian Policy on autochthonal wellness. The success of nurses within the wellness sector will depend on a model guided by recognition of diversenesss, regard and trust. In kernel there forward, apart from medical cognition for those working among the Aboriginals there is a demand for accent in accomplishments on development of trust, better communicating accomplishments advised from the civilization of the autochthonal people, understanding of 1s civilization and its differences with others, dialogue for patient ‘s information and understanding how civilization daze works. This attack will assist contend cases racial favoritism in infirmary where some nurses are treated incorrect by the patients or their co-workers due to different racial beginnings. The autochthonal wellness enterprises have led to constitution of webs and partnerships and diverse methods of conveying wellness publicity information. It has besides included input from the autochthonal communities in planning and execution of wellness plans and in preparation and production of resources needed for improved health care to this group. However there is a demand for a plan that will increase interaction with mainstream wellness sector for unvarying proviso of medical services. Report 2 – Health and illness issues related to immigrants Harmonizing to the ABS study of 1989 1 in every five Aussies was an immigrant. But the phenomenon is common in this continent which has welcomed Anglo-Celtic immigrant since 1788.Recently though there has been an inflow of immigrants from Asiatic and other European states. These Asians migrators and others who have troubles seting to the Australian manner of life are normally referred to as â€Å" cultural immigrant † . These people come from really different civilizations from that of Australians and their cultural perceptual experience has challenged the wellness sector in their intervention. The above challenges stem from hard in interaction with these cultural communities due to their cultural backgrounds and a concern with the happening of diseases particularly mental 1s among the refugee population. Studies into mental morbidity among the refugees has led to combative consequences since it depends on the psychiatrist diagnosing of the status and the challenge of depending on an translator. Surveies might wrongly attach incidences of mental unwellness to a certain cultural group yet some of theses happenings may hold been brought upon non by experiences at place but by the challenges of settling into a new society ( Lupton and Najman 145 ) . The complexness of understanding the wellness conditions of the immigrant population is farther explained by their societal economic stature. For case, in 1990 some of the 12000 Turks who migrated to Australia in the sixtiess were involved in a survey. More than half of the respondent claimed to be ailing and claimed to hold nervus jobs. Despite the ego studies, most of the unwell did n't travel to the infirmary and those who visited Turkish head-shrinkers were given drugs without diagnosing. This survey found out that the members of the Turkish community had mental conditions because they came from a really different cultural background and had small or no occupation accomplishments and so they took up the most unsafe occupations while most suffered from unemployment. Where alternate methods other than drugs were used to handle the psychiatric illnesses the jobs drastically reduced. This means that one has to understand the specific social-economic dynamic to manage a medical job am ong the immigrant communities in Australia ( Lupton and Najman 153 ) . Further, when managing medical instances among the immigrants, one must see the beliefs and patterns of an cultural group. Whatever the promotion in western medical specialty, impression of wellness attention are culturally variable. For case in Hong Kong rubeolas are considered by some groups non as a disease but as an inevitable, natural and necessary happening yet the Australian wellness sector considers it unsafe. The immigrants are being educated on the right medical perceptual experiences. The appropriate behaviour of ill individuals besides varies among the migrator groups. For case, Greeks are really demonstrative with their hurting and refer to their ligament, musculuss and sinews as nervousnesss. Such a patient require a batch of attending and apprehension. The authorities has hence had the challenge of educating the immigrant groups in abandoning their â€Å" common people † theoretical accounts in order to accomplish effectual intervention. Never the less one must be careful to explicate the diversenesss in the western redress so as to avoid jobs where some groups like the Vietnamese believe so much in the ‘Western injection ‘ such that they do n't believe in the effectivity of other effectual agencies like tablets. Despite the above cultural perceptual experiences among the immigrant there has been a conjunct attempt among medical practicians to understand them. There is a nevertheless a demand for cautiousness on how one uses the cultural information in disposal of medical attention. Report 3 – Principles of best pattern, quality confidence and accreditation related to nursing and Australian wellness attention system The traditional methods of quality confidence in the wellness sector focused on diagnosing and intervention of diseases and searched for error in wellness service bringing. But the recent decennaries have brought alterations in the Australian wellness system where best patterns are measured in footings of bar of diseases and publicity of good wellness. Such alterations have been inspired by the happening of a more knowing consumer who demands commensurate attention for his wellness jobs. It has besides been brought by the technological alterations taking topographic point and statute law that favor better wellness attention. The demand for quality control in the wellness sector in Australia has been precedented by the consumer demand for quality services and it ‘s the duty of the medical attention supplier to afford him that. In 1994, the â€Å" Australian Council for Health Care Standards ( ACHS ) † gave a statement called the â€Å" charter for Change † . This documented indicate how the council was to map in the hereafter. In 1995-96, the council formed a squad that would confer with with the wellness attention sector on in development of a ‘Quality Improvement plan ‘ ( EQuIP ) that would move as a usher to the proposed alterations. EQuIP set criterions for sanctioned medical criterions and by 1997 it had become a nationally and international accreditation programmed for Health bureaus in Australia. Accreditation by ACHS is concerned with a clinical reappraisal of direction and the consequences of wellness attention services. It besides gauges the use capacities of disposal and all the sections supplying services. Based on study that is written after the study, a wellness attention supplier might have a ACHS accredition.But an organisation has to run into a certain standard before it gets the accreditation ( Funnell, Koutoudis and Lawrence 64 ) . ACHS criterions are famed for confer withing with and affecting the wellness attention sector in the development of their criterions. It covers infirmaries, nursing places, Day surgery units, community services and bureaus and any other wellness organisations. There are 900 infirmaries and wellness attention who had been accredited to ACHS by 2007.The criterions addresses the issues of continuum in proviso of wellness attention and infrastructural criterions of the wellness attention system. The continuum aspect screen consumers needs runing from entree of wellness attention services, entry, appraisal, attention planning, proviso of attention, rating, separation and community attention while the substructure criterions, cover the major administrative maps. The Australian Medical system has farther embraced â€Å" Continuous Quality betterment † at work topographic point and it involves ; edifice of consciousness where the key clients and procedure involved are identified, the development of a general CQI plan that defines ends, deployment or execution of the plan and eventually full integrating of the system in the wellness attention sector ( Harris 397 ) . Changes in the Health attention system have encouraged medical professional like the nurses to originate a figure of wellness attention alterations since they are progressively going aware of the powerful part they can do in act uponing the restructuring of the wellness sector in Australia. Health attention statute law has given them the political dentition to organize anteroom groups and exert force per unit area so that the alterations are antiphonal to the overall demands of the society. In add-on medical professional in Australia take portion in clinical audits so as to mensurate the effectivity of their patterns. This audit patterns go on within the National Health Service and its an built-in portion of clinical administration ( Courtney and Mc Cutcheon, 115 ) In decision, the Australian wellness attention has been motivated by intelligent client and the handiness of resources to run into the present and future wellness jobs in development of quality wellness attention system. However, the system give best consequences when the Health attention directors demonstrate to her staff that observation of quality is a demand demanded from all. Work Cited Barraclough, Simon and Gardner, Heather. Analyzing wellness policy: a problem-oriented attack. Elsevier Australia, 2007. Courtney, Mary and McCutcheon, Helen. Using Evidence to Guide nursing pattern. Elsevier Australia, 2009 Funnell, Rita. , Koutoukidis, Gabby and Lawrence Karen.Tabbner ‘s Nursing Care: Theory and Practice. Elsevier Australia, 2008. Harris, Mary G. Managing Health Services: Concepts and Practice. Elsevier Australia, 2005 Lupton Gillian M. and Najman Jakob M. Sociology of Health and Illness: Australian Readings. Palgrave Macmillan Australia, 1995

The recent advance in gene manipulation and gene therapy essays

The recent advance in gene manipulation and gene therapy essays This essay will show how the recent advances in technology have improved genetic engineering and gene therapy techniques. Genetic engineering will be explained regarding its use for gene diagnosis, drug synthesis and the production of vaccines. The influences of gene therapy on certain illnesses will be researched and social and ethical issues on genetic engineering and its use for therapies will be evaluated. Genetic engineering is the subject of many debates. It involves altering the genotype of an organism. There is some argument about what actually constitutes genetic engineering but, in general, it means taking a gene, or genes, from one organism and inserting them into another. This may be done for a number of reasons. It may be used to produce a desirable characteristic in the target organism, it may be used in order to make the target organism produce useful substances that are easily harvested, it may be used to attempt to treat genetic diseases or it may be used to further research how genes may be controlled. Whatever the reason, the principles involved remain the same. The development of techniques for manipulating and transferring genes has opened up opportunities to use microorganisms to synthesise biological compounds on a large scale, to enhance food production and to introduce treatments for human genetic disorders The procedure for genetic engineering involves inserting genes into microbes. In the first step it is necessary to remove the target DNA from the cell. This can be done using a detergent such as Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate which disrupts the plasma and nuclear membrane. Once this is done, enzymes are used to break down proteins so that the DNA can be safely extracted. In the next step restriction endonuclease enzymes are used to cut the required gene out of the host DNA. However, this is not a random process. Each of these enzymes will recognize a specific sequence of DNA and only cleave ...

The Facts and Values of History essays

The Facts and Values of History essays The facts of history, the values and interpretations of history can all be a subject of repeated debate; it is contested and perceived differently by different types of groups of people and ideas. At the same time it is important to remember that history is a part of our culture, it is something we all share and no individual group owns it. It is our past heritage and although it is gone, we feel a part of it. People from different interest groups and classes, regions and localities, religions and cultures, have seen and will see history in contrasting ways. History is far from simple. Historians are mutually exclusive; the things they say are nonetheless true as longs as these things are within the confines of the ideas and values of their creators. What I mean is that there are many ways for historians to tell the same story, each of them equally valid. There is an ability of historians to be objective with regards to the facts, but there are also propositions that there are some aspects of history that are absolute and may not be questioned. It is not about questions of the facts but about how an individual interprets those facts. Facts do not have, meaning, when you question the meaning of historical events, you are not denying they occurred, its just interpretations are bound to change from class to class, gender to gender, and of course, over time. These historians never ask, Did this historical event happen? but they ask, What happened in this historical event? Carrs essay states that it used to be said that facts speak for themselves. This is, of c ourse, untrue. The facts speak only when this historian calls on them: it is he who decides to which facts to give to the floor, and in what order and context. E.H. Carrs, The Historian and his Facts, I found it interesting because it presents history as something besides facts. He uses several examples throughou...

Homework Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 18

Homework - Assignment Example The first impression that I had of the organization is that it is very organized and that the customer service is quite commendable. Various factors drew me to that conclusion. One of the factors is that once I entered the organization, people seemed very busy and organized where I was able to even locate where I was to be served because of a banner. Another factor is the glowing faces of the workers that showed that they enjoyed their work. The value proposition was communicated to me quite vividly and this was through the attendant that I had the privilege of being served by. The attendant explained to me the manner in which they acquire their commodities. He further explained to me the tests that they carry out on their products in order to ensure quality products for the workers. The impression that I had for the organization gradually improved over time and the reason for this is that I gained more confidence in the products offered by the organization and the cause of this was the value proposition. The marketing strategies of this organization were impeccable and the reason for this is the manner in which my impression of the organization changed. The employees of the organization understood that I am the priority, they did this very well, and this is from the manner in which they offered me quality customer service. I recognized quality management skills from the organization and this is from the manner in which the manager went around looking at the manner in which the attendants carried out their activities. Moreover, in case of any questions, I the attendants did not hesitate to speak to the manager and thus is another reason I concluded that the manager had effective leadership skills. I felt like I was participating in the shopping experience because the communication between the attendants and I was quite impressive and they made me feel welcome. The manner in which the